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Article History

Received: 4 August 2022

Accepted: 22 October 2022

First Online: 24 November 2022

Declarations

:

: The first author is now an employee of the Japan Monkey Centre, of which “<i>Primates</i>” is the official journal. The authors declare that they have no other conflicts of interest.

: The care and use of the chimpanzees adhered to the 2nd edition of the guide for the care and use of laboratory primates of the institute. The experimental designs of the present study with chimpanzees were approved by the institute’s Animal Welfare and Animal Care Committee. All the procedures also adhered to the guidelines on animal experimentation of the Japanese Society of Animal Psychology, the guidelines for the care and experimental use of captive primates of the Primate Society of Japan, the code of ethics and conduct of the Japanese Psychological Association, and the Japanese welfare and management of animals act. The experiments with humans adhered to the code of ethics and conduct of the Japanese Psychological Association. Informed consent was obtained from the human participants.