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Article History

Received: 20 November 2023

Accepted: 27 December 2023

First Online: 20 January 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: Care and use of chimpanzees adhered to the 3rd edition of the <i>Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Primates</i> of the institute. Experimental designs of the present study with chimpanzees were approved by the Animal Welfare and Animal Care Committee of the institute (2011-035, 2012-092, 2013–046). All procedures also adhered to the <i>Guideline of the Animal Experimentation</i> of the Japanese Society of Animal Psychology, <i>Guideline for the Care and Experimental Use of Captive Primates</i> of the Primate Society of Japan, <i>Code of Ethics and Conduct</i> of the Japanese Psychological Association, and Japanese <i>Act on Welfare and Management of Animals</i>.