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Authors
van den Brekel, Anne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7875-9135
Maas, Marnix C.
Spenkelink, Ilse M.
van Tilburg, Willem C. M.
Roosen, Joey
Giese, Daniel
Jin, Ning
Fütterer, Jurgen J.
Nijsen, J. Frank W.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen (18427)
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Revised: 27 January 2026
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: D.G. and N.J. are employees of Siemens Healthineers, which supported this project with a prototype 4D flow imaging sequence and 4D flow data analysis software. J.J.F. has received a research grant from Siemens Healthineers, which was paid to the institute, without restrictions regarding publications or data. J.F.W.N. is co-founder and scientific advisor of Quirem Medical B.V., which has been acquired by Terumo Europe NV in July 2020. The activities of J.F.W.N. within Quirem Medical B.V. are approved and supported by the Board of Directors of the Radboudumc. J.F.W.N. is entitled to certain milestone payments from Terumo Europe NV which are related to the financial, operational, and regulatory performance of Quirem Medical B.V. in the future. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Oost-Nederland (reference NL58944.091.16, 2016-2774, project 23047/24009), ensuring compliance with ethical standards for human research as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
