Zhong, Xiaodong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-5279
Nickel, Marcel D.
Dale, Brian M.
Morin, Cara E.
Abramson, Zachary
Pang, Yuxi
Han, Fei
Deshpande, Vibhas
Kannengiesser, Stephan A. R.
Tipirneni-Sajja, Aaryani
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Diagnostic Imaging at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R21EB031298)
Department of Radiological Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles
Article History
Received: 8 June 2025
Revised: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
:
: X.Z. was a Siemens employee while the study was ongoing; X.Z. received salary, stock, travel reimbursement, and other incentives from Siemens because of his Siemens employment, which were not directly associated with this study. X.Z. is currently an employee of the University of California, Los Angeles, and receives research funding and travel support from Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., which are not directly associated with this study. X.Z. and Siemens have multiple full patents, provisional patents and invention disclosures, including two full patents describing the methods used in this study. M.N., B.D., F.H., V.D. and S.K. are Siemens employees.
: Data of human participants in a previous study were obtained with approval from the local institution review board, and were retrospectively processed offline for new analysis in this study. This study was compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. It was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, which waived the requirement for informed consent.