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Authors
Molværsmyr, Sindre https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0824-6032
Arnberg, Mie P.
Helberg, Morten
Breistøl, Arild
Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe
Moe, Børge
Hanssen, Sveinn Are
Eckbo, Norith
Curtet, Marie
Nilsson, Anna L. K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
SEAPOP
Equinor (Seabird-MPA)
Miljødirektoratet (Tilskudd til trua arter 2024/663)
Birdlife Norway
Norwegian institute for nature research
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Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Revised: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines for research on wild animals and was approved by Mattilsynet (the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, application ID 30213 and 30767. We obtained permits to work in the colonies from the local County governors; permission to catch birds was granted from the Environmental Agency. Fieldwork followed national regulations and best practices to minimize disturbance and ensure animal welfare.
