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Authors
Santos, Clarissa O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-8505
Wiley, Victoria https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3895-5529
MacFarland, Jennie https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0413-3473
Horst, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-1665
Pickett, Aya https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9659-3923
Siegrist, Joe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0623
Hingst-Zaher, Erika https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9547-6666
Buck, C. Loren https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-7257
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Disney Conservation Fund (66351627)
Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (88887.686000/2022-00)
National Science Foundation (DGE-2146755)
National Science Foundation (1656063)
Fundação Butantan
Universidade De São Paulo
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2026
Revised: 1 July 2026
Accepted: 10 July 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval: All applicable institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of Northern Arizona University (23-008) and The University of Arizona (2021-0796). Fieldwork was conducted under Arizona State Scientific Collecting Permits (SP762845, SP582582). Birds were captured, banded, and fitted with loggers under U.S. Federal Bird Banding Permit 23379.
