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Authors
Hošková, Anna
Didkowska, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-174X
Vojtková, Barbora https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7961-291X
Bečvář, Tomáš https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6967-2484
Dvořák, Vít https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5636-7483
Kwiecień, Ewelina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9504-430X
Klich, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-2316
Olech, Wanda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6166-3954
Votýpka, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-9363
Sádlová, Jovana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-2707
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Charles University
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Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Revised: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2025
First Online: 21 July 2025
Declarations
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: All experimental procedures including the culling of European bison, were approved by the General Directorate for Environmental Protection in Poland, in accordance with the Act of 16 April 2004 on the Protection of Nature. Lethal control was conducted by local institutions responsible for European bison management, with each hunter holding the required permits. The collection and storage of samples from deceased individuals for research purpose were authorised by the Regional Director of Environmental Protection in Warsaw.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
