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Authors
Guimarães, Nuno F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-0581
Álvares, Francisco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-6989
Kropil, Rudolf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-1969
Smolko, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-2335
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Technical University of Zvolen
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2024
Revised: 7 July 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 5 September 2025
Declarations
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: Authorization for field research, including access to protected areas and organic wolf presence sign collection, was granted by the Ministry of Environment (Nos. 7904/2014 − 2.3 and 5620/2016 − 2.3).”
: The authors declare no competing interests.
