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Authors
Šnjegota, Dragana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4635
Luka, Sabljić https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7005-5774
Louis, Rigaud
Ivana, Matić https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1738-8278
Mihajla, Djan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-0676
Duško, Ćirović https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-0948
Milomir, Stefanović https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-3782
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Rufford Foundation, United Kingdom
Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-66/2024-03/ 200125 & 451-03-65/2024-03/200125)
Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-66/2024-03/200178)
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Article History
Received: 22 November 2025
Revised: 14 April 2026
Accepted: 29 May 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required for this study. Tissues from free-ranging dogs were obtained through sterilization programs. Wolves and jackals, considered predators, are not under legal protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina; hunting of both species is permitted year-round.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
