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Article History

Received: 14 December 2024

Accepted: 25 January 2025

First Online: 14 July 2025

Conflicts of interest

: T. Iida, Grants (NIDEK, Topcon, Santen, Novartis, Senju, Alcon, HOYA, AMO), Consulting fees (Bayer, Chugai, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Senju, Kyowa Kirin), Payment or honoraria for lectures (Bayer, Novartis, Alcon, Santen, Senju, Topcon, Chugai, Canon, Nidek, Otsuka, Nikon), Patents planned, issued or pending (Topcon) ; F. Gomi, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Bayer, Novartis, Chugai, Santen, Senju, Canon, Nidek, JINS, Kyowa Kirin); T. Yasukawa, Research Grant (Bayer, Santen, Chugai, Senju, Wakamoto), Consulting fees (Wakamoto), Honoraria for speakers (Novartis), Honoraria for speakers or their chairman (Bayer, Santen, Senju, Chugai), Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board (Chugai); K. Yamashiro, Payment or honoraria for lectures (Novartis, Bayer, Santen, Senju, Chugai, Alcon, Kowa, Otsuka, HOYA, NIDEK, Asahi Kasei), Payment or honoraria for Consultant (Boehringer Ingelheim); S. Honda, Grants or contracts (Santen, Alcon, Senju, Chugai), Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Santen, Chugai, Senju, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis); I. Maruko, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Bayer, Novartis, Alcon, Santen, Senju, Topcon, Chugai, Canon, Nidek, Nikon), Patents planned, issued or pending (Jpn-patent (#7288276)); K. Kataoka, Grants (Chugai), Honoraria for lectures (Bayer, Chugai, Santen, Novartis, Senju, Boehringer Ingelheim, Canon, ZEISS), Participation on advisory Board (Chugai); Leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid (Bayer).