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Article History

Received: 9 October 2025

Accepted: 18 January 2026

First Online: 4 March 2026

Declarations

:

: T. Yamashita, Grants or contracts (Novartis, Alcon), Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Novartis, Alcon, Sucampo, Rohto, Pfizer, Nidek, Senju, Nitto, Kowa, Viatris, Otsuka, Santen); R. Asaoka, Grants or contracts (Reichert, Nidek, OCULUS, CentreVue, KOWA), Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (KOWA, Glaukos, Santen, Senju, Chugai, REmedical, Nikon, ZEISS), Patents planned, issued or pending (KOWA, Nidek, Beeline); A. Iwase, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (ZEISS, Santen, Senju, Otsuka, Nitten); H. Sakai, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Nitten, Santen, Allergan, KOWA); H. Terasaki, Grants or contracts (Novartis, Bayer), Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Nidek, Chugai, JFC Sales Plan, Senju, Novartis, Bayer, Santen); T. Sakamoto, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (RE MEDICAL, KY CenterVue, Chugai, Nikon, Canon, Allergan, TOPCON, Mediscience Planning, Bausch + Lomb, MSD, NIDEK, Senju, Otsuka, Novartis, Bayer, Santen, Kubota); M. Araie, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Topcon, Santen, Senju, Kowa), Patents planned, issued or pending (JGSTK-DiscAnalysis)