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Authors
Yuan, Ying
Mao, Shangtao
Wu, Hai
Xiang, Ying
Wang, Zhenyu
Wang, Yanan
Goncalves, Viriania Berta Esperanca
Sun, Qi
Tang, Dehua
An, Fangmei
Wang, Lei
Huang, Qin
Xu, Guifang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Program (ZKX23013)
Major Program of 2023 Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital Fund (TKKYZA20233001)
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School (Approval No. 2023-512-01). Informed consent was obtained from all participants via telephone communication. The Ethics Committee approved this form of consent, exempting the need for signed written consent, as the study is a retrospective analysis based on existing medical records. Participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits during telephone conversations, and verbal consent was recorded. This process complies with national regulations and institutional policies.
