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Authors
Saito, Akira https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6720-4014
Otsuka, Koji
Goto, Satoru
Ariyoshi, Tomotake
Yamashita, Takeshi
Motegi, Kentaro
Komoto, Masahiro
Kishimoto, Yutaka
Murakami, Masahiko
Aoki, Takeshi
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Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
:
: None.
: All patients provided written informed consent for their clinical information in research studies related to surgical procedures and outcomes prior to surgery.
: All procedures in this study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation and the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Showa University (Accession No. 2024-006-B).
