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Article History

Received: 17 September 2025

Accepted: 7 February 2026

First Online: 13 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All authors declare no conflicts of interest. Y. Kitagawa reports grants or contracts from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Sumitomo Pharma Co., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Kowa Company, and Terumo Corporation outside the submitted work. In addition, Y. Kitagawa has received payment or honoraria for lectures from Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Kowa Company, Ethicon Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Olympus Corporation, Cardinal Health, Shionogi & Co., Bristol-Myers Squibb, MSD, Aska Pharmaceutical Co., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Toray Industries, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Chugai Foundation for Innovative Drug Discovery Science, Nippon Kayaku Co., EA Pharma Co., Intuitive Surgical, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Sysmex Corporation, Tsumura & Co., Tsumura & Co., AI Medical service Inc., and Eisai Co., outside the submitted work.

: The Ethics Committee of all participating facilities approved this study. Written informed consent was waived because all subjects had completed treatment, the study only used anonymized patient information and was designed as a retrospective observational study without interventions or invasive procedures. Following the Ethics Committee’s study approval, a document was made public to provide information about the research’s goals and the option to opt out. All procedures were performed following the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions.