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Cross-sectional comparison of risk factors associated with mental illness and learning difficulties in kindergarten and elementary, middle, and high school children in the United States: a socio-ecological resilience framework

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-025-02440-1

Published Online: 2025-03-21

Published Print: 2026-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Lin, Kelly

Sun, Jing
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Charles Sturt University
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-03-21

Version of Record valid from 2025-03-21
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Article History

Received: 24 September 2024

Accepted: 4 March 2025

First Online: 21 March 2025

Declarations

Ethics: Data analysed in this study are from a freely available open-source NHIS dataset. Permission was granted to the principal supervisor and all collaborators for use.

Consent for publication: Consent was obtained from each participant prior to the conduction of the interview over the phone by the United States Census Bureau. Permission to use the dataset was granted to all authors involved in this study.

Conflict of interest: The authors report no potential for conflict of interest.

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