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Energy drink and coffee consumption patterns in medical students and junior doctors: a 9-year repeated cross-sectional and mixed-methods study

Published Online: 2025-04-23

Authors

Vella-Fondacaro, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-9581
Bonkova, Valeriya

Grech, Anton
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

University of Malta
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-04-23

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Article History

Received: 21 December 2024

Accepted: 7 April 2025

First Online: 23 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty Research Ethics Committee (Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta) on 24 June 2024 (MED- 2024–00103). Research governance approval was obtained from the University of Malta and Mater Dei Hospital.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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