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Authors
Nim, Casper https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-2622
Hartvigsen, Jan
Skovsgaard, Christian V.
Kongsted, Alice
Downie, Aron
Clausen, Stine
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dansk Kiropraktor Forening
University of Southern Denmark
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 22 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (#11.856) and by the region of Southern Denmark (#23/38730). All data were collected, stored, and handled according to Danish law.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used OpenAI’s ChatGPT to assist with grammar, language refinement, and coding support in R (troubleshooting). All content generated with ChatGPT was critically reviewed and edited by the authors, who take full responsibility for the final manuscript.
: CN is employed at the Spine Centre of Southern Denmark. None of the other authors have a conflict of interest to declare. AK and JH are co-developers of GLA:D® Back, a non-for-profit initiative hosted at University of Southern Denmark aimed at implementing evidence-based patient education and exercise therapy for back pain in clinical practice.
