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Authors
Harden, Christina
Eziechina, Sunday
Ifebueme, Nzube Michael
Simons, David
Moses, Lina
Redding, David W.
Friant, Sagan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Division of Environmental Biology (2208034)
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Revised: 30 April 2026
Accepted: 14 May 2026
First Online: 9 July 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee (NHREC) in Nigeria [NHREC/01/01/2007- 17/07/2023] and the Internal Review Board at the Pennsylvania State University [STUDY00019989].
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
