Document is current

Article History

Received: 14 July 2023

Accepted: 7 September 2023

First Online: 26 September 2023

Declarations

:

: All disclosures below are not directly related to the current project, but are reported for full transparency to readers. <i>Dr. Landon Lempke</i> has current or prior funding unrelated to the current project from the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA), American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), Eastern Athletic Trainers’ Association, VALD, internally from university affiliations, and has received various speaker honorarium and travel reimbursement for talks given. <i>Dr. Thomas Buckley</i> reports current or prior funding from NIH, Henry F. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, and State Space, Inc. <i>Dr. James Clugston</i> reports current or prior funding from the NFL, and a stipend for serving on an institutional Data Safety Monitoring Board. <i>Dr. James Eckner</i> reports current or prior funding from NIH, NSF, and internal university funding. Dr. Eckner also reports being a co-author (stipend received) for a book chapter in “Concussion Management for Wheelchair Athletes”, on the editorial board (unpaid) for the journal Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and a co-inventor on US Patent #8657295, and a Data and Safety Monitoring Board Member for an unrelated NIH Project. <i>Dr. Margot Putukian</i> reports the following committee and position roles: CMO for MLS, Senior Advisor NFL HN&S Committee, FA Research Task Force, CISG Expert Group, NOCSAE SAC. <i>Dr. Putukian</i> also receives royalties from Netters Sports Medicine textbook, and UpToDate chapter. <i>Dr. Michael McCrea</i> has received research funding from the NIH, CDC, DoD, NCAA, NFL, and Abbott Laboratories. <i>Dr. Thomas McAllister</i> reports current or prior grant support from NIH, DoD, and NCAA, as well as textbook royalties from the “Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury” from the American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Inc., and is an unpaid member for the concussion Scientific Advisory Committee for the Australian-Rules Football Conference. <i>Dr. Steven Broglio</i> has current or past research funding from the NIH, CDC, DoD, NCAA, NATA, NFL/Under Armour/GE; Simbex; and ElmindA. <i>Dr. Broglio</i> has consulted for US Soccer (paid), US Cycling (unpaid), University of Calgary SHRed Concussions external advisory board (unpaid), medico-legal litigation, and received speaker honorarium and travel reimbursements for talks given. <i>Dr. Broglio</i> is also a co-author of “Biomechanics of Injury (3rd edition)” and has a patent pending on “Brain Metabolism Monitoring Through CCO Measurements Using All-Fiber-Integrated Super-Continuum Source” (U.S. Application No. 17/164490). Lastly, <i>Dr. Broglio</i> is on the and is/was on the editorial boards (all unpaid) for Journal of Athletic Training (2015 to present), Concussion (2014 to present), Athletic Training and Sports Health Care (2008 to present), and British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008 to 2019).

: The study was performed in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All study procedures were reviewed and approved by the University of Michigan IRB, the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command Human Research Protection Office (HRPO), as well the local IRB at each of the performance sites.

: Participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.