Thompson, Elizabeth W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-8861
Bhattacharya, Anindro https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0194-151X
Hu, Fengling https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-5038
Shinohara, Russell T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-8203
Perdikaris, Paris https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-3229
Whitehead, Kevin K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-7949
Goldmuntz, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-4396
Fogel, Mark A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7490-3702
Witschey, Walter R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1669-2120
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (F30HL162429)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL171709)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL169378)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL149139)
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB029460)
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (Cardiac Center Innovation Award)
Article History
Received: 24 November 2024
Accepted: 19 June 2025
First Online: 3 July 2025
Declarations
:
: All authors certify that there are no employment, financial, or non-financial interests to disclose.
: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of CHOP, and has been carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.