Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Atherosclerosis Society (Japan Atherosclerosis Research Foundation (2019-2024))
Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
:
: T.Y. declares no conflicts of interest. P.R. currently serves as Director of Science and Technology for Oxford BioHorizons Ltd., a consultancy company, outside of the submitted work. K.Y. declares no conflicts of interest.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shizuoka Institute of Science and Engineering (Approval Number: 2022-15) and was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after they were given a detailed explanation of the study, including the measurement procedures.