Shah, Jainam https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3088-7543
Pathuri, Sachin https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4617-3240
Ong, Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-827X
Greenbaum, Raena
Melkumyan, Nikolas
Lee, Ryung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8365-5672
Rezaei, Kimia https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4245-0226
Parsons, Andrew D.
Zheng, Jason https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2702-3934
Golnik, Karl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8822-5989
Lee, Andrew G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-299X
Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 15 January 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable. This manuscript is a narrative review and does not involve human subjects, identifiable data, or clinical interventions requiring ethics approval.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not include any individual person’s data (including images or case details).
: Dr. Andrew G. Lee, MD has served as a consultant for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Football League (NFL), US Department of Justice, and is a consultant for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Argenx, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Alexion, Celgene, Stoke, Ethyreal, Catalyst, Dompe, and Viridian. Dr. Lee is also on the editorial board of Frontiers in Ophthalmology, Eye, JNO, CJO, JJO, Survey of Ophthalmology, and JAMA Ophthalmology. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.