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Authors
Lee, Se Hyun
Jang, Yong Hun
Kim, Hyuna
Lee, Gang Yi
Lee, Hyun Ju
Kim, Hyun Ho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-6041
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Academy of Korean Studies (RS-2025-00553891)
Academy of Korean Studies (RS-2025-02313278)
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 29 March 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hanyang University Hospital (IRB No. 201901019). Written informed consent was obtained from all parents or legal guardians.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all parents or legal guardians of the participating infants included in the study.
: Written consent for publication of anonymized data and images was obtained from all parents or legal guardians. No identifying information is included in this manuscript.
: All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with institutional and national ethical standards, as well as with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent for participation and publication was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all infants included in this study. All data were anonymized prior to analysis to protect participant confidentiality.
