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Authors
Porter, Annie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-0357
Fan, Songshan
Peng, Ying
Lv, Mengxi
Zhou, Yilu
Alanazi, Abdulaziz
Han, Lin
Wang, Liyun
Lu, X. Lucas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-6887
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-13-1-0148)
National Institutes of Health (R01AR074472)
National Institutes of Health (P20GM139760)
National Institutes of Health (R01AR074490)
National Science Foundation (CMMI-1751898)
Division of Graduate Education (Graduate Research Fellowship Program)
University of Delaware (Helwig Fellowship in Mechanical Engineering)
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 12 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing financial interest.
: No IRB approval required as no human subjects were involved.
