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Authors
Yadeta, Gemechu Degefa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-0906
Mohammed, Jema Haji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0089-8941
Gemeda, Desalegn Obsi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-260X
Gemta, Wondimu Legesse
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.
: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Haramaya University College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, School of Agriculture, Economics and Agribusiness, Department of Agribusiness and Value Chain Management, in line with the doctoral thesis requirements of the University (Approval number: Dissertation (R-01)/22–8-2024, April 2024). All methods and analyses were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the university and the journal
: Consent to participate was obtained from all participants or, for participants under 18, from a parent and/or legal guardian.
: Consent to publish was obtained from all participants or, for participants under 18, from a parent and/or legal guardian.
: Not applicable.
