Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Hamzah, Nurul Rimadhayanti
Hanid, Mohd Fadzil Abdul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-6393
Zakaria, Mohamad Ikram https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-8279
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 26 February 2025
Accepted: 24 August 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Declarations
:
: This study received institutional approval from Kolej Poly-Tech MARA (KPTM) to involve students as participants. While KPTM does not have a formal Research Ethics Committee or issue reference numbers, the study adhered to internationally recognized ethical standards, including voluntary participation, informed consent, confidentiality, and data protection protocols.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. All participants were above 18 years of age and participated voluntarily.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
