Williams, Leslie D. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3071-5966
Korobchuk, A.
Pavlitina, E.
Nikolopoulos, G. K.
Skaathun, B.
Schneider, J.
Kostaki, E.-G.
Smyrnov, P.
Vasylyeva, T. I.
Psichogiou, M.
Paraskevis, D.
Morgan, E.
Hadjikou, A.
Downing, M. J. Jr.
Hatzakis, A.
Friedman, S. R.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (DP1DA034989)
Article History
First Online: 24 January 2019
Compliance with Ethical Standards
:
: None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.
: Informed consent was obtained for all study participants. All consent and assent forms were reviewed and approved by all institutional review boards in New York, Chicago, Athens, and Odessa, as described above.
: Institutional review board at National Development and Research Institutes (NDRI) in New York, NY approved all study procedures. Additionally, the institutional review board at the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois approved all procedures for the Chicago study site; the Medical Ethics Committee at Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases in Ukraine approved all procedures for the Odessa, Ukraine study site; and the institutional review board at the Hellenic Society for the Study of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Athens, Greece approved all study procedures for the Athens, Greece study site.