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Article History

Accepted: 18 June 2024

First Online: 25 July 2024

Declarations

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: The dapivirine vaginal rings used in this study were developed and supplied by the International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM). Oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) was donated by Gilead Sciences.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the following Institutional Review Boards/Ethics Committees and Drug Regulatory Authorities: Prevention Sciences Research Committee of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; US Food and Drug Administration; College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Institutional Review Board; Pharmacy, Medicines and Poisons Board of Malawi; Human Research Ethics Committee: (Medical), University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; South African Health Products Regulatory Authority; Joint Clinical Research Centre Institutional Review Board; Uganda National Council for Science and Technology; Johns Hopkins Medicine Office of Human Subjects Research Institutional Review Board; National Drug Authority of Uganda; Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe; Joint Research Ethics Committee for the University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals; Research Council of Zimbabwe; Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe.

: All participants provided informed consent for the study.

: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.