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Authors
Zhou, Siyanai
Laurenzi, Christina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-4473
Tolmay, Janke
Wittesaele, Camille
Langwenya, Nontokozo
Armstrong, Alice
Gulaid, Laurie
Toska, Elona
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Stellenbosch University
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Article History
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Universities of Oxford (R48876/RE001-3, SSD/CUREC2/12–21) and Cape Town (HREC 226/2017, CSSR 2013/4), Eastern Cape Departments of Health and Basic Education, and ethical review boards of participating healthcare facilities. Voluntary informed consent was obtained from adolescents ages 18 and older, and caregiver consent/adolescent assent was provided by those who were under 18 years. All consent forms were available in English and Xhosa. Participants received a certificate, refreshments, and a participant gift pack including toiletries for young mothers and their infants.
: Voluntary informed consent was given by participants > 18 years old, with caregiver consent provided for those < 18.
: Participants consented to data and findings being published during the informed consent process.
