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Authors
Lawley, Kendall A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1917-7132
King’e, Maureen
Wamalwa, Dalton
Kumar, Manasi
Moraa, Hellen
Onyango, Alvin
Njuguna, Irene
John-Stewart, Grace
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (R33HD103079)
Fogarty International Center (1K43TW011422-01A)
National Cancer Institute (T32CA009168)
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Article History
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: Authors have no competing interests to declare.
: This study involves data from human participants enrolled in a cohort study and was approved by Kenyatta National Hospital Ethics and Research Committee P400/07/2020 and University of Washington Institutional Review Board STUDY00010495. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and all participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.
