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Authors
Duby, Zoe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-8152
Bergh, Kate
Jonas, Kim
Lotvonen, Mari
Kuo, Caroline
Mathews, Catherine
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria)
Networking HIV/AIDS Community of Southern Africa (Networking HIV/AIDS Community of Southern Africa (NACOSA))
South African Medical Research Council (South African Medical Research Council)
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Article History
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 21 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no competing interests to declare.
: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Human Ethics Research Committee at the South African Medical Research Council (EC027-8/2023). All participants provided informed consent. For participants under 18 years of age, parental/guardian consent was obtained. Participants received R200 (approximately US $11) reimbursement for their participation. Referral systems were in place for any participants requiring mental health support or social protection.
: All participants provided consent for the data collected in the study to be anonymised and published.
