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Authors
Maughan-Brown, Brendan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7606-8744
Egbe, Teniola I.
Bokolo, Simamkele
Rabin, Megan
Chetty-Makkan, Candice
Kornides, Melanie
Long, Lawrence
Pascoe, Sophie
Penuela-Wermers, Sarah
van der Linden, Sander
Thirumurthy, Harsha
Buttenheim, Alison M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Cape Town
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Article History
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 14 March 2026
Declarations
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: SVDL receives royalties from academic books on misinformation and has consulted in the past (unpaid) for the WHO and technology companies on efforts to counter misinformation.The other authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: The study was approved by ethics committees at the University of Pennsylvania, University of the Witwatersrand, Boston University, and University of Cape of Town.
