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Authors
Ntanguligwa, Constantine Alex
Tilli, Marta
Borchi, Beatrice
Kajuna, Optat
Munishi, Angela
Jahari, Christina
Mgute, Chrispin
Salehe, Idd Amiri
Strohmeyer, Marianne
Petrini, Valentina
Didonè, Chiara
Putoto, Giovanni
Azzimonti, Gaetano
Bartoloni, Alessandro
Zammarchi, Lorenzo
Morigoni, Giulia
Ierardi, Francesca
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Firenze
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Article History
Accepted: 24 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest or competing interests to disclose that are relevant to this manuscript.
: The research team took all necessary precautions to ensure participant privacy and confidentiality. Both FGDs and IDIs were carried out in confidential environments, sensitive information was omitted from transcripts through anonymization, and all data were securely stored in password-protected files.
: Ethical approval was granted by the Tanzania National Institute for Medical Research in November 2022 (NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/4162). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and The International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines.
: All participants provided informed consent prior to their participation in the interviews.
