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Authors
Beesiga, Brian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5927-8857
Litunya, Janice
Nakato, Joy Z.
Agola, Jaquiline A.
Marson, Kara
Mugoma, Wafula E.
Agaba, Pius
Temple, Jennifer
Camlin, Carol S.
Shade, Starley B.
Woolf-King, Sarah E.
Hahn, Judith A.
Kakande, Elijah
Kabami, Jane
Petersen, Maya L.
Havlir, Diane V.
Balzer, Laura B.
Ayieko, James
Kamya, Moses R.
Chamie, Gabriel
,
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (1R01AA030464-01)
National Institutes of Health (K24AA031211)
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Article History
Accepted: 24 January 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
:
: There is no conflict of interest.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki as revised in 2019 and of the institutional/national research committees. The institutional review board of the University of California San Francisco, Makerere University School of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee, the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, the Kenya Medical Research Institute Scientific and Ethics Review Unit, and the Kenya National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation approved the study.
: Participation in this study was voluntary. All participants provided written informed consent.
: Participants consented to sharing the findings of the study in scientific journals at the point of written informed consent. The authors listed on the manuscript have also consented for the publication of this study.
: All participants provided written informed consent in their language of preference.
