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Authors
Wu, Elwin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4253-3430
Lee, Yong Gun
Vinogradov, Vitaliy
Zhakupova, Gulnara
Mergenova, Gaukhar
Davis, Alissa
Paine, Emily A.
Hunt, Timothy
Reeder, Kelsey
Primbetova, Sholpan
Terlikbayeva, Assel
Laughney, Caitlin
Chang, Mingway
Baiserkin, Baurzhan
Abishev, Asylkhan
Tukeyev, Marat
Abdraimov, Sabit
Denebayeva, Alfiya
Kasymbekova, Sairankul
Tazhibayeva, Galiya
Kozhakhmet, Mashirov
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA040513)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (K01DA044853)
National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH128117)
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Article History
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: We declare no competing interests.
: All study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Columbia University and Kazakhstan National University.
: This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT02786615.
: Protocol materials are available upon request.
