Gutin, Sarah A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-1296
Atukunda, Esther https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-0138
Khorassani, Fatema Shafie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7445-322X
Fatch, Robin
So-Armah, Kaku https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1505-6384
Tumwegamire, Adah https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7224-9106
Emenyonu, Nneka I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4376-7810
da Silva, Cristina Espinosa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-1616
Ngabirano, Christine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-316X
Lunze, Karsten https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-0350
Adong, Julian
Muyindike, Winnie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6694-2645
Hahn, Judith A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-8264
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Mental Health (P01AA029541)
National Institute of Mental Health (K24AA022586)
National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH132435)
Article History
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 3 April 2026
Declarations
:
: None of the authors have any financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.
: The study was approved by the Ethics review boards of Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST-2021-238), The Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (HS1962ES), and University of California, San Francisco (21-34310). All participants provided informed consent prior to study participation. All study protocols were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.