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Article History

Received: 28 July 2024

Revised: 12 September 2025

Accepted: 12 November 2025

First Online: 21 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: We the undersigned declare that the manuscript entitled “All-optical photonic crystal neuromorphic synapses using phase change material” is original, has not been fully or partly published before, and is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere. Also, results are presented, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us.