Ma, Qihang
Wang, Bofu
Zhou, Quan
Article History
Received: 19 March 2025
Revised: 2 July 2025
First Online: 1 September 2025
Ethics
: Conflict of interest Quan ZHOU is an editorial board member for Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition) and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare no conflict of interest.