Dang, Min http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-3574
Liu, Gang http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-3164
Li, Hao http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7152-7106
Xu, Qijie http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9472-811X
Wang, Xu http://orcid.org/0009-0000-0655-2509
Pan, Rong http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8997-0776
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province (2023-YBGY-205)
Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (2024JC-ZDXM-40)
Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi (2023-CX-TD-08, 2024GX-YBXM-039)
Article History
Accepted: 19 March 2024
First Online: 11 April 2024
Declarations
:
: Since the data used in this study has the privacy of students, we guaranteed to Classroom Video Management Center of Xidian University that the data will only be used for our research and will not be disclosed to the public. To protect the rights and interests of students, we guaranteed that the original data will not be shared. The Classroom Video Management Center of Xidian University provided written informed consent for this study.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.