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Article History

Accepted: 14 March 2025

First Online: 25 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: The research data utilized in this study was obtained from the PhysioNet database (), a publicly accessible repository that adheres to all relevant national regulations, institutional policies, and ethical guidelines in accordance with the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration. The dataset used in our study has been previously de-identified and does not contain any identifiable personal information. Therefore, in compliance with PhysioNet’s regulations and ethical standards, no specific ethical approval was required for the use of this data in our research.

: Given that the dataset used in this study is de-identified and provided by the PhysioNet database, which does not contain any personally identifiable information, there are no direct participants involved. In accordance with the PhysioNet database’s regulations and data usage agreement, consent from participants to participate in the study was not required. This research strictly adheres to the privacy protection and data usage policies of the PhysioNet database.

: Since the dataset used in this study has been de-identified by the PhysioNet database and does not contain any personally identifiable information, there is no need to obtain consent for publication from participants. The use and publication of the data comply with the regulations of the PhysioNet database, as well as relevant ethical and privacy protection standards. We ensure compliance with all terms and conditions of the PhysioNet database, including the anonymity and non-commercial use of the data.