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Authors
Zou, Xinrui
Wang, Ziwei
Song, Yancheng
Jia, Liangjiu
Wang, Gangju
Liu, Guangjun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFF0613200)
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Article History
Received: 23 November 2024
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve new data collection from human participants or animals. The publicly available dataset used in this work (SODA) was previously published with appropriate ethical approval, and all identifiable information (e.g., facial features) has been anonymized by the dataset creators. Therefore, no additional ethical approval or informed consent was required for this study.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
