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Authors
Wu, Hongchen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-4646
Fang, Xiaochang
Yu, Hongzhu
Yu, Bing
Li, Meng
Li, Hongxuan
Jing, Zhaorong
Sun, Chenfei
Gao, Shuang
Zhang, Huaxiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2019GGX101075)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2017BF019)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (61702312)
Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province (20190924)
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Article History
Received: 18 February 2025
Accepted: 12 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: All data used in this study were collected in strict accordance with the public data usage policies of the respective social media platforms. No private or personally identifiable information was accessed or stored. The annotation process involved multiple rounds of manual verification to ensure high inter-annotator consistency and data quality.
