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Authors
Wu, Ruoyu
Liang, Changyu
Li, Yuan
Tan, Qijuan
Zhang, Jiuquan
Huang, Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7377-3077
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42071302)
Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing (CYB21060)
Innovation Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees (cx2019144)
the “Artificial Intelligence+” Medical Research Project of Army Medical Center (ZXAIYB019)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2024
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All studies involving human participants comply with the ethical standards of institutions and national research committees. The constructed in-house dataset was approved for use in this retrospective analysis by the ethics committee of the Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, and the informed consent requirement was waived.
: This manuscript was submitted for publication with the consent of all the authors.
