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Authors
Zhang, Ruwen
Liu, Bo
Hao, Xiaorong
Huang, Xinhui
Cao, Jiuxin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFB3104300)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62472092)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62172089)
the Marine Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (JSZRHYKJ202308)
Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security (BM2003201)
Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration of Ministry of Education of China (93K-9)
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20191258)
General Project of MOE (Ministry of Education) Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences (24YJCZH436)
General Project of MOE (Ministry of Education) Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences (62232004)
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 3 January 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Declarations
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: In this study, we fully acknowledge the ethical sensitivities associated with personality analysis and profiling on social platforms. The proposed TPD framework is designed for understanding personality automatically rather than enabling individual-level classification for commercial or surveillance purposes. All data used in this work comes from publicly available sources and is anonymized to prevent any user identification. We explicitly discourage any use of this technology that could infringe upon users’ privacy, autonomy, or consent. In addition, we emphasize that the TPD tool should serve as an assistive mechanism to complement, not replace, human judgment in applications such as counseling or behavioral analysis. The interpretation of model outputs should always be supervised by qualified professionals and transparent ethical guidelines.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
