Mohd-Redzuan, Muhammad Al Amin https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4743-0504
Rajasegaran, Praveena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-5300
Husin, Nurul Aini https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5980-4174
Syarriman AbdulRahim, Muhammad H.
AbdulHalim, Auni Atikah
Halim, Muhammad Rasul Abdullah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8263-794X
Abdullah, Nurul Ashikin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1111-2732
Jiliun, Edley A.
Khoo, Jing Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-6052
AbuBakar, Sazaly https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-1420
Makepeace, Benjamin L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-6727
Ya’cob, Zubaidah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7178-6122
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaya
Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Sampling at Kota Tinggi and Tumbuh Hangat was approved by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) [JPHL&TN(IP): 100 − 34/1.24 Jln 14 (61)], the Universiti Malaya Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (UM IACUC) (G8/01082018/24052018-01/R), and the Department of Orang Asli Development [Permit no. JAKOA/PP.30.052Jld13 (32)]. Fieldwork in Pasir Raja was conducted with approval of the DWNP [JPHL&TN (IP): 100 − 34/1.24 Jld 19(55)] and UM IACUC (T/22052023/13032023-02/R).