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Authors
Ahmad, Mohd Ihsanuddin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-9316
Nazarudin, Muhammad Farhan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-524X
Hasnan, Hazwani Hanim https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0334-5104
Baharuddin, Ninie Diana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9127-459X
Latif, Kamil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-4993
de Cruz, Clement R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5645-1084
Karim, Murni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-6656
Tan, Hui Teng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-599X
Khaw, Yam Sim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5867-998X
Lee, Jeffrey K. C.
Natrah, Ikhsan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-8499
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada, and the Global AMR Innovation Fund (GAMRIF), part of UK Government’s Department of Health and Social Care (110342-001)
Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Declarations
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: In the present study, we strictly followed the guideline of ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments). All animals used in the present experiment were treated humanely, according to approved procedures and guidelines of the Universiti Putra Malaysia Animal Ethics committee guidelines (IACUCs) (UPM/IAUCAC/AUP-R061/2022). We also followed the relevant guidelines and regulations for caring the animal during the experiment.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
