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Authors
Kebtieneh, Negese https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0984-466X
Geremew, Akewake
Yalew, Alayu
Abdissa, Belay
Tilahun, Gashaw
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study strictly adhered to established ethical guidelines for animal welfare, ensuring the humane handling of Nile tilapia throughout the research. All experimental procedures were carried out with utmost care to minimize stress on the fish. Data collection, analysis, and reporting were conducted with full transparency, and complete datasets are available to ensure verification and reproducibility. The experimental protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, under protocol number 02/IRB/22.
