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Authors
Arafat, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8906-7564
Hassan, Zeinab https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-3348
Farid, Omar Abdel-Hamed Ahmed
Zaki, Viola H.
Zahran, Eman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-3688
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mansoura University
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted at the experimental facility of the Aquatic Animal Medicine Laboratory (AAML), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University. All techniques and study protocols were thoroughly reviewed and approved by the Mansoura University Animal Care and Use Committee, Mansoura University, Egypt (Code: M/36). Furthermore, all relevant organizational and government rules and regulations governing the ethical use of the experimental animals were followed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
