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Article History

Accepted: 5 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Any potential conflicts of interest that could have a direct or perceived influence on the research outcomes have been disclosed.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All authors have made significant contributions to the conception and design of the study, data analysis and interpretation, and the critical review of the manuscript. This research was supported by Universitas Indonesia under the Publikasi Internasional Terindeks Mahasiswa Doktor Program grant.