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Authors
Chen, Mei-Hua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3990-0404
Chen, Wei-Fan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3400-6075
Mudgal, Garima
Wachsmuth, Henning https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2792-621X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (110-2918-I-029-001)
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Article History
Received: 17 February 2024
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 12 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This research is centered on the analysis of essays from the ICLE corpus, in which the students signed the consent form to give permission for their essay to be used for research purposes. None of the authors undertook studies involving human participants for the content presented in this article.
: For this type of study, informed consent is not required.
